Farm Doctor: Farming with arthritis

As we get older, we may notice that jumping in and out of tractors or running after a loose sheep isn’t as easy as it used to be.

Many people across the UK are affected by the many different forms of arthritis. But, as the cold and damp weather sets in, symptoms may become more apparent.

Here to answer the vital questions – what it is and how to manage it – farmer’s daughter and qualified doctor Camilla Baker provides some myth-busting information on all things arthritis. 

See also: Farm Doctor: Let’s talk about prostate and testicular cancer

What is arthritis?

“Arthritis is the general term used to describe inflammation of the joints,” Camilla explains. “There are many different types of arthritis, and the different types can affect different people, whether they are children or adults.”

Osteoarthritis is by far the most common form of arthritis, which generally affects us as we get older.

In the UK alone, more than eight million people are living with osteoarthritis, and it is a condition that can have a huge impact on day-to-day enjoyment of life.

“Our joints are made up of bones and soft tissues,” says Camilla. “Over time, the soft tissues can become worn and the bones of our joints start to rub together.

As the body tries to repair the damage, the joint can become inflamed, leading to pain and limited motion.

Osteoarthritis typically develops in the hips, knees, fingers and lower back.

“You may find the pain is worse when using the joint, such as after walking or a long day’s work.

“The joint may be stiff and may take some time to loosen up. People with osteoarthritis may also notice the joint becoming misshapen or deformed and may find their gait [they way they walk] changes or becomes more difficult.”

With osteoarthritis, the joint isn’t typically red or hot, so if this happens to one of your joints, Camilla says that it is important to tell your doctor.

As agriculture is such a physically demanding profession, it is important that farmers recognise the ways that they can reduce their risk of developing osteoarthritis.

“Unfortunately, we can’t do anything about getting older,” says Camilla. “We can however, protect our joints and maintain a healthy weight.

“Being overweight puts higher stresses through the joints, contributing to increased wear and tear. 

“Osteoarthritis can also develop in joints following an injury or fracture, as the joint may be more unstable.

“Repetitive use of a joint over time can also lead to an increased risk; for example, repetitive use of pneumatic drills or heavy machinery.

“Farmers should make sure they are avoiding jarring movements and using proper techniques when lifting or moving heavy objects,” she advises.

Camilla Baker © Camilla Baker

Investigations and diagnosis

“Osteoarthritis is often diagnosed without the need for tests or X-rays,” says Camilla.

“Your doctor will ask questions about the pattern of your pain and symptoms, and will consider your age, gender, and previous medical history.”

Management

“Unfortunately, there is no ‘cure’ for osteoarthritis, and it is generally not possible to reverse the wear and tear damage to joints.

The aim of treatment for osteoarthritis is to ease symptoms, reduce pain and improve quality of life, Camilla explains.

“Even though osteoarthritis is common, it shouldn’t just be a part of getting older and there are lots of things that can be done to help.”

Management options will be guided by symptoms and the impact on a person’s life, but may include some of the following.

• Exercise and weight management It is important to strengthen the muscles around the joints to maintain a good range of movement and reduce pain, swelling and stiffness. Low-impact exercises such as walking, cycling and swimming are good for osteoarthritis, as well as general fitness. Maintaining a healthy weight will also help reduce the strain through the joints.
• Referral Your GP or doctor may refer you to a physiotherapist or specialist exercise programme.
• Topical treatments Topical (applied to the skin) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory creams or gels, such as ibuprofen, are typically the first painkillers to start with. As they are applied to the skin over the joint, the side effects are less than if the medication is taken by the mouth. Over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help with pain caused by osteoarthritis, but they should not be taken frequently. Your doctor will be able to guide you as to the best medications to take.
• Surgery If your osteoarthritis is affecting your quality of life or ability to work and exercise and medications have not helped, your doctor may consider referring you for surgery. The doctors that specialise in bones and joints are orthopaedic surgeons. There are lots of different types of surgery that can help with osteoarthritis, including total joint replacements, half joint replacements or joint resurfacing. Your surgeon will discuss the different options available, including the benefits and risks.