HMRC gives inheritance tax assurance for farm tenancies
Landowners letting agricultural land to diversified businesses can still qualify for agricultural property relief (APR) from inheritance tax, according to the Central Association of Agricultural Valuers (CAAV).
The CAAV sought confirmation over the issue in relation in Northern Ireland, where there is no statutory code of agricultural tenancy law.
Conacre (seasonal grazing) agreements are common in NI, but landowners are increasingly looking for longer-term options and wanted to understand the tax implications.
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Jeremy Moody, secretary and adviser to the CAAV, said the answer given by HMRC supported a move towards longer tenancies in NI.
But it also had important implications for land let in Great Britain – in situations where APR had proved a grey area.
APR explained
Agricultural property relief (APR) gives relief, full or partial, from inheritance tax on all or part of the “agricultural value” of “agricultural property”.
Agricultural property is defined as agricultural land and pasture and, subject to qualifications, related farmhouses, cottages, farm buildings, intensive livestock buildings and ancillary woods.
Section.116 of the Inheritance Tax Act sets out the main circumstances where full relief on agricultural value will be available.
S.116(2)(c) allows this where the land is let on a tenancy that is the only obstacle to vacant possession and was granted since September 1995.
“Most agricultural land that is let in Great Britain under farm business tenancies or Agricultural Holdings Act tenancies will be covered under formal agricultural legislation,” said Mr Moody.
Land let to non-farm businesses
“But some agreements fall outside this legislatory framework, such as when agricultural land is let to a non-agricultural business.”
A typical example could be where agricultural land is let to an equine business, which grazes the pasture with some cattle to manage the grass, he said.
An alternative could be where a riding centre uses some of the land to grow its own hay or cereals as feed.
HMRC clarification
In response to Mr Moody’s request for clarity, HMRC’s IHT policy division said: “Agricultural property relief afforded to qualifying agricultural property let on a tenancy granted on or after 1 September 1995 by section 116(2)(c) of the IHT Act (1984) is not dependent on whether the tenancy is under a code of law, but just has to be tenancy of that property. Such tenancies would include those in Northern Ireland.”
To be eligible for full APR, the land must qualify as agricultural property, be let on any form of tenancy that started after 1995 and remain in agricultural use.
“This covers any tenancy of qualifying farmland, however long it is for, while conacre must be used for less than one year to give the same relief,” said Mr Moody.
“That would also apply to any qualifying land let under local law anywhere in the European Economic Area, including the Irish Republic.”
Mr Moody said HMRC’s assurance added powerfully to the case for Northern Ireland’s landowners to look positively at using tenancies to let land to good farmers, rather than stay with conacre.
“That can give a better framework for confidence, investment and improvement, benefiting the rural economy.”